There are several scientific survey techniques that are used for groundwater exploration and selection of sites for borehole drilling. Some of the techniques used worldwide for groundwater survey include horizontal loop electromagnetics (electromagnetic conductivity), magnetometry, gravity, resistivity, seismic survey and audio magnetotellurics. All these techniques do not directly detect water but identify geological structures that are known to contain groundwater such as faults and fractures. Based on survey results, it is not possible to know how much water may be found in the identified structures, until drilling takes place. Some structures may have water and others not, depending on various factors. Nonetheless, even though all the geoscientific survey techniques don't directly detect groundwater, their use greatly enhances the chances of drilling successful boreholes.
Leskacon has vast experience in usage of various groundwater survey techniques and has sited successful boreholes in different geological formations in Botswana.
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